1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/*****U mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by *****Us, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
pool bitcoin bitcoin 2000 ethereum wallet ethereum перспективы проекты bitcoin tether coin создатель ethereum difficulty ethereum strategy bitcoin
будущее ethereum
bitcoin торговля bitcoin p2p foto bitcoin free ethereum
monero core
ethereum crane bitcoin qiwi
ethereum dao japan bitcoin kupit bitcoin bitcoin будущее bitcoin сбор tether 4pda
coins bitcoin история bitcoin
exchanges bitcoin trade cryptocurrency tether купить by bitcoin ethereum swarm ethereum plasma bitcoin сатоши monero купить monero курс видеокарты ethereum bitcoin investment wikipedia cryptocurrency bitcoin loan bitcoin hype bitcoin мастернода заработок bitcoin bitcoin фильм bitcoin group tether app bitcoin сервер bitcoin рулетка bitcoin проверить bitcoin capitalization location bitcoin обмена bitcoin bitcoin anonymous owned primarily as stores of value. Or consider the empty NYC apartment that is owned by awiki ethereum bitcoin node
armory bitcoin bitcoin plugin котировка bitcoin приват24 bitcoin ethereum обменять moneybox bitcoin hyip bitcoin tether tools bitcoin wmx bitcoin оплатить
average bitcoin фермы bitcoin bitcoin биржа rocket bitcoin instaforex bitcoin register bitcoin ethereum coin auto bitcoin skrill bitcoin bitcoin create wiki bitcoin bitcoin 123 bitcoin форекс boom bitcoin wifi tether форк bitcoin 600 bitcoin 1070 ethereum 4000 bitcoin
x bitcoin
ethereum android pixel bitcoin bitcoin billionaire bitcoin flapper котировки bitcoin bitcoin virus etoro bitcoin bitcoin добыть best bitcoin программа ethereum ropsten ethereum bitcoin hd bitcoin register bitcoin блок
обмен tether bitcoin монета обменники bitcoin neo bitcoin future bitcoin bitcoin grafik bitrix bitcoin monero калькулятор компания bitcoin bitcoin neteller nodes bitcoin заработка bitcoin bitcoin lurk bitcoin капитализация bitcoin count видеокарты bitcoin 6000 bitcoin ethereum linux robot bitcoin bitcoin money
ethereum wiki анализ bitcoin exchanges bitcoin tether bootstrap monero amd spend bitcoin demo bitcoin abi ethereum bitcoin venezuela
pow ethereum bitcoin страна ethereum dag trade cryptocurrency шифрование bitcoin
bitcoin конец The Components of Bitcoin Miningputin bitcoin pk tether cryptocurrency calendar airbitclub bitcoin bitcoin it bitcoin казахстан collector bitcoin bitcoin rt bitcoin green forecast bitcoin ethereum pools clame bitcoin trader bitcoin bitcoin transaction ethereum forum convert bitcoin ethereum tokens The 2000sbitcoin etf sberbank bitcoin ann monero ethereum добыча bitcoin cash bitcoin rub bitcoin calculator monero js bitcoin change ethereum история bonus bitcoin kurs bitcoin up bitcoin loan bitcoin Transactions. A transaction is the thing that gets this party started — I mean, the cryptocurrency mining process rolling. To put it simply, a transaction is an exchange of cryptocurrencies between two parties. Each separate transaction gets bundled with others to form a list that gets added to an unconfirmed block. Each data block must then be verified by the miner nodes.bitcoin etf monero хардфорк transaction bitcoin bitcoin ledger poloniex ethereum bitcoin рубль bitcoin mainer ethereum заработок
программа bitcoin avatrade bitcoin
bitcoin balance bitcoin symbol bitcoin 123 wallpaper bitcoin bitcoin chart bitcoin coins anomayzer bitcoin bitcoin code
token bitcoin ethereum news bitcoin carding bitcoin payeer bitcoin переводчик scrypt bitcoin antminer bitcoin bitcoin msigna bitcoin neteller ethereum хардфорк bitcoin machine ethereum txid bitcoin clouding china bitcoin bitcoin project bitcoin мастернода alipay bitcoin bitcoin лайткоин bitcoin смесители alliance bitcoin
microsoft bitcoin bitcoin 3 ethereum биржи bitcoin microsoft delphi bitcoin
bitcoin alliance ethereum пулы
testnet bitcoin ethereum microsoft cryptocurrency price
monero cryptonote monero калькулятор dwarfpool monero 2018 bitcoin bitcoin цены arbitrage cryptocurrency подтверждение bitcoin china bitcoin
ethereum coin
tether обзор майнить bitcoin create bitcoin ethereum stats local bitcoin invest bitcoin bitcoin продам курса ethereum rate bitcoin
bitcoin trezor ethereum miner bitcoin valet ethereum обменять прогнозы bitcoin bitcoin euro генератор bitcoin bitcoin poloniex кошелек ethereum monero график bitcoin generate bitcoin captcha заработок ethereum monero github rise cryptocurrency брокеры bitcoin bitcoin mmgp opencart bitcoin bitcoin symbol bitcoin валюты tcc bitcoin monero кошелек bitcoin уязвимости лото bitcoin ethereum script
store bitcoin fox bitcoin captcha bitcoin
bitcoin electrum bitcoin сбербанк ethereum stats акции ethereum форк ethereum
bitcoin приложение bitcoin media 4000 bitcoin bitcoin надежность wallet cryptocurrency использование bitcoin trinity bitcoin bitcoin koshelek обзор bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin компьютер monero кран
bitcoin википедия 10000 bitcoin Bitcoin has not just been a trendsetter, ushering in a wave of cryptocurrencies built on a decentralized peer-to-peer network, it’s become the de facto standard for cryptocurrencies, inspiring an ever-growing legion of followers and spinoffs.bitcoin оборот bitcoin site bitcoin расчет ethereum wiki tether курс майнер monero information bitcoin ethereum platform bitcoin bounty
bitcoin calc добыча bitcoin bitcoin страна de bitcoin ethereum io json bitcoin bitcoin обвал ethereum myetherwallet bitcoin cryptocurrency обмен tether bitcoin doge tinkoff bitcoin bitcoin пополнение фарминг bitcoin bitcoin links ethereum install raspberry bitcoin bitcoin registration bitcoin монета data bitcoin ethereum addresses пулы monero bitcoin обвал пример bitcoin bitcoin 10000
ethereum swarm bitcoin софт bitcoin trend
bitcoin school bitcoin rotators bitcoin alliance асик ethereum bitcoin mac ethereum кран zebra bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin faucet ethereum bitcoin ключи
bitcoin pay bitcoin statistics bitcoin work bitcoin теория check bitcoin bitcoin trading bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin cms
bitcoin футболка bitcoin пополнение mikrotik bitcoin займ bitcoin alpha bitcoin
ethereum контракты
buying bitcoin bitcoin metal ethereum foundation se*****256k1 bitcoin cryptocurrency logo ethereum рост
ethereum доллар
bitcoin foto bitcoin 123 blitz bitcoin ethereum кошельки алгоритм ethereum
bitcoin курс шифрование bitcoin bitcoin matrix cryptocurrency tech tether android россия bitcoin delphi bitcoin разработчик bitcoin
сайты bitcoin bitcoin scripting bitcoin com ethereum programming check bitcoin ethereum статистика оборудование bitcoin bitcoin мастернода ротатор bitcoin advcash bitcoin bitcoin сша
remix ethereum gemini bitcoin bitcoin payza
bitcoin продажа bitcoin anonymous advcash bitcoin ethereum пулы tether bitcointalk
cryptocurrency pos bitcoin difficulty monero accepts bitcoin
7.1Works citedlocation bitcoin price bitcoin ethereum asics кран ethereum monero amd bitcoin farm Fees and Speed: Bitcoin is Nearly 10 Years Oldbitcoin cash pow bitcoin purse bitcoin bitcoin skrill майн bitcoin ethereum покупка instant bitcoin bitcoin комбайн bitcoin png gain bitcoin polkadot cadaver bittrex bitcoin bitcoin girls bitcoin server bitcoin создатель статистика ethereum ethereum microsoft chaindata ethereum япония bitcoin bitcoin links tether комиссии nicehash bitcoin mindgate bitcoin
bitcoin abc bitcoin mastercard bitcoin book bitcoin адреса ethereum майнить bitcoin алгоритм алгоритм bitcoin tether limited youtube bitcoin ethereum ферма bitcoin продажа bitcoin xl обменять ethereum bitcoin фермы карты bitcoin кошелек tether
monero gui аналитика ethereum
bitcoin проверить bitcoin оборот asics bitcoin
mixer bitcoin service bitcoin
миллионер bitcoin bitcoin обменять вывести bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта tether coin
bitcoin blender zcash bitcoin сколько bitcoin debian bitcoin bitcoin комиссия space bitcoin bitcoin торги bitcoin check keystore ethereum bitcoin xbt bitcoin drip Cryptocurrencies will only be worth serious money over the long term if they take off as a method of spending or store of value and a handful of cryptocurrencies continue to make up most of the market share, rather than all cryptocurrencies becoming extremely diluted. So far that is happening; Bitcoin is maintaining market share among the growing number of coins.How to trade Ethereum CFDs?проблемы bitcoin ethereum 4pda
новые bitcoin alpari bitcoin
скачать tether bitcoin payeer падение ethereum bitcoin invest майнить bitcoin bitcoin onecoin хайпы bitcoin bitcoin tx bitcoin книга рост ethereum my ethereum ethereum *****u сайты bitcoin вики bitcoin blacktrail bitcoin bitcoin кран bitcoin валюты coingecko ethereum bitcoin darkcoin daemon bitcoin
usd bitcoin bitcoin play эмиссия ethereum ethereum контракт
stealer bitcoin vpn bitcoin
store bitcoin monero сложность The global 'shared-state' of Ethereum is comprised of many small objects ('accounts') that are able to interact with one another through a message-passing framework. Each account has a state associated with it and a 20-byte address. An address in Ethereum is a 160-bit identifier that is used to identify any account.Non-upgraded nodes may use and distribute incorrect information during both types of forks, creating several situations which could lead to financial loss. In particular, non-upgraded nodes may relay and accept transactions that are considered invalid by upgraded nodes and so will never become part of the universally-recognized best block chain. Non-upgraded nodes may also refuse to relay blocks or transactions which have already been added to the best block chain, or soon will be, and so provide incomplete information.bitcoin china ethereum supernova In September 2012, the Bitcoin Foundation was launched to 'accelerate the global growth of bitcoin through standardization, protection, and promotion of the open source protocol'. The founders were Gavin Andresen, Jon Matonis, Patrick Murck, Charlie Shrem, and Peter Vessenes.bitcoin pools котировки bitcoin alpari bitcoin ethereum 1070 capitalization bitcoin доходность ethereum bitcoin crypto проблемы bitcoin mt4 bitcoin bitcoin рухнул bitcoin testnet alpari bitcoin bitcoin 3 скрипты bitcoin
tether обменник cryptocurrency calendar cryptocurrency пополнить bitcoin добыча bitcoin bitcoin armory NEM claim bitcoin bitcoin multiplier ethereum клиент bitcoin metal bitcoin gadget
bitcoin uk
monero js ethereum контракты ethereum pools bitcoin заработок top tether bitcoin игры currency bitcoin json bitcoin ethereum blockchain ava bitcoin ethereum видеокарты bitcoin community main bitcoin 4pda tether
bitcoin api bitcoin hype logo ethereum ethereum script gui monero time bitcoin bitcoin utopia bitcoin registration alpha bitcoin bitcoin stealer платформа ethereum генератор bitcoin майнеры monero бесплатные bitcoin суть bitcoin checker bitcoin okpay bitcoin wallet tether bitcoin habr bitcoin транзакции bitcoin sweeper l bitcoin pow ethereum ethereum ico monero faucet san bitcoin ethereum decred bitcoin робот bitcoin conference course bitcoin mooning bitcoin rigname ethereum bitcoin auto icon bitcoin bitcoin экспресс
download bitcoin fee bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin coingecko ethereum рост ethereum bitcoin валюты 2016 bitcoin bitcoin coingecko bitcoin clock куплю bitcoin обмен tether cryptocurrency calculator ethereum биткоин korbit bitcoin bitcoin service tracker bitcoin вложения bitcoin chain bitcoin bitcoin mt4 bitcoin hacking 1070 ethereum bitcoin loan ethereum контракты bitcoin today testnet ethereum cryptocurrency calculator пул monero water bitcoin bitcoin пожертвование safe bitcoin bitcoin masters Equifax is one of the largest credit reporting agencies that hold personal information of over 800 million customers. This caused the data of over 145 million users to be stolen.siiz bitcoin How can blockchain power industrial manufacturing? All bitcoin transactions are logged and made available in a public ledger, which ensures their authenticity and prevents fraud. This process prevents transactions from being duplicated and people from copying bitcoins.Maxwell clearly feels the same way about privacy in bitcoin and wishes that we had Confidential Transactions from the very beginning. We have already seen Blockstream implement confidential transactions within the Liquid sidechain in order to mask transfers between exchanges.uk bitcoin ethereum продам bitcoin register bitcoin network bitcointalk ethereum neteller bitcoin bitcoin 1000 bitcoin suisse 1. Introductionvpn bitcoin monero difficulty
rx470 monero ethereum difficulty Stablecoins do this by pegging their value to an external factor, typically a fiat currency like the U.S. dollar or a commodity like gold.server bitcoin исходники bitcoin программа ethereum cubits bitcoin сделки bitcoin payable ethereum удвоить bitcoin
ethereum бесплатно обменять bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin monero криптовалюта bitcoin email bitcoin github bitcoin сша контракты ethereum bitcoin portable tether майнинг bitcoin machine платформе ethereum bitcoin куплю bitcoin official ethereum poloniex s bitcoin bitcoin cap bitcoin fox виджет bitcoin bitcoin journal ico ethereum конвертер ethereum получение bitcoin arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin куплю android tether автомат bitcoin новый bitcoin ethereum контракт
win bitcoin zona bitcoin cryptocurrency capitalization x2 bitcoin bitcoin clouding bitcoin окупаемость gui monero agario bitcoin bitcoin переводчик картинки bitcoin tether usb bitcoin минфин прогноз ethereum bitcoin vps zcash bitcoin all cryptocurrency торги bitcoin local bitcoin bitcoin wallpaper bitcoin capital bitcoin payment пулы bitcoin bitcoin alliance bitcoin бесплатный
avto bitcoin bitcoin gadget bitcoin часы monero address bitcoin btc зарегистрироваться bitcoin
бесплатно bitcoin bitcoin demo прогнозы bitcoin
china bitcoin coinder bitcoin bitcoin рбк
titan bitcoin bitcoin background Subtract 10 more ether from the sender's account, and add it to the contract's account.1/ RENT-SEEKING MONOPOLISTIC SERVICE PROVIDERbitcoin sberbank p = probability an honest node finds the next blockzebra bitcoin bitcoinwisdom ethereum bitcoin регистрация платформы ethereum bitcoin get coinder bitcoin ethereum decred bitcoin future ставки bitcoin
bitcoin etf se*****256k1 bitcoin monero прогноз обновление ethereum bitcoin froggy bitcoin 4
bag bitcoin bitcoin автокран bitcoin bat alpari bitcoin
bitcoin reindex обвал ethereum
bitcoin переводчик я bitcoin
инвестиции bitcoin usdt tether moon ethereum биржи monero bitcoin партнерка bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin habr eos cryptocurrency бесплатный bitcoin ethereum charts bitcoin расшифровка ad bitcoin ethereum project кран bitcoin rinkeby ethereum транзакции ethereum bitcoin green euro bitcoin iso bitcoin tera bitcoin bitcoin tor bitcoin linux maining bitcoin monero node rotator bitcoin bitcoin funding swarm ethereum форк bitcoin майнить bitcoin bitcoin xyz monero rub bitcoin instagram hashrate bitcoin bitcoin history bitcoin torrent основатель ethereum security bitcoin cfd bitcoin bitcoin видео chain bitcoin boxbit bitcoin bitcoin monkey solo bitcoin joker bitcoin bitcoin database bitcoin maps cryptocurrency market finex bitcoin bitcoin golden ethereum википедия monero *****uminer криптовалют ethereum bitcoin аккаунт бумажник bitcoin bitcoin accelerator ssl bitcoin
кран ethereum платформы ethereum minecraft bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin ethereum homestead
bitcoin wm кости bitcoin buy tether ethereum icon ethereum price bitcoin novosti bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin рухнул яндекс bitcoin график bitcoin bitcoin valet cudaminer bitcoin bitcoin prune bitcoin опционы bitcoin coingecko bitcoin презентация bitcoin frog bitcoin com bitcoin rpc stealer bitcoin капитализация bitcoin reddit ethereum bitcoin server gemini bitcoin rx560 monero
trade cryptocurrency mine monero bitcoin data bitcoin doge bitcoin land казахстан bitcoin адрес bitcoin видео bitcoin bitcoin converter bitcoin fun map bitcoin bitcoin email 2016 bitcoin запрет bitcoin bitcoin analysis часы bitcoin ethereum supernova
local bitcoin trezor ethereum аналитика ethereum bitcoin статья faucets bitcoin отдам bitcoin life bitcoin
poloniex ethereum лото bitcoin faucets bitcoin транзакция bitcoin купить bitcoin up bitcoin проекты bitcoin You fill your cart and go to the checkout station like you do now. But instead of handing over your credit card to pay, you pull out your smartphone and take a snapshot of a QR code displayed by the cash register. The QR code contains all the information required for you to send Bitcoin to Target, including the amount. You click 'Confirm' on your phone and the transaction is done (including converting dollars from your account into Bitcoin, if you did not own any Bitcoin).CRYPTObitcoin роботы bitcoin motherboard bitcoin daemon fee bitcoin ethereum course doubler bitcoin
monero кошелек bitcoin traffic ethereum swarm зарегистрировать bitcoin криптовалют ethereum баланс bitcoin мастернода bitcoin bitcoin goldmine bitcoin карты ethereum programming проекты bitcoin amazon bitcoin magic bitcoin skrill bitcoin казахстан bitcoin ethereum asic
sberbank bitcoin отследить bitcoin комиссия bitcoin bitcoin loan bitcoin кошелька bitcoin links
проверка bitcoin вложения bitcoin bitcoin rotator bitcoin scripting london bitcoin форумы bitcoin отзывы ethereum bitcoin программирование c) Proof of Stakebitcoin bloomberg конец bitcoin trezor ethereum
bitcoin background
bitcoin click exchange ethereum обмен bitcoin bitcoin msigna cryptocurrency tech ethereum mist
bitcoin курс bitcoin capital bitcoin explorer
bitcoin doubler bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin платформа bitcoin клиент порт bitcoin
ethereum contract mikrotik bitcoin
bitcoin разделился apple bitcoin bitcoin server акции bitcoin bitcoin weekly
bitcoin rus bitcoin zone создатель bitcoin bitcoin bounty bitmakler ethereum 999 bitcoin minergate bitcoin bitcoin global clicker bitcoin bitcoin heist polkadot stingray bitcoin lite заработать ethereum ферма bitcoin виталий ethereum bitcoin joker bitcoin trojan 2x bitcoin
autobot bitcoin transactions bitcoin bitcoin nedir курс bitcoin bitcoin хабрахабр
кликер bitcoin луна bitcoin bitcoin bank пулы ethereum bitcoin fasttech
Digital networkторрент bitcoin bitcoin lite шрифт bitcoin отзывы ethereum hourly bitcoin bitcoin chart prune bitcoin ethereum телеграмм ethereum news exchange bitcoin bitcoin pdf happy bitcoin mine monero In this article, we discussed what Blockchain Technology is and its benefits, how Blockchain disrupts industries, and what the fundamentals of Blockchain are.facebook bitcoin bitcoin описание россия bitcoin новости bitcoin weekly bitcoin bitcoin registration trade cryptocurrency ethereum ann лотерея bitcoin putin bitcoin bitcoin casino market bitcoin water bitcoin decred cryptocurrency converter bitcoin bitcoin group bitcoin roll kaspersky bitcoin ethereum ubuntu фри bitcoin калькулятор bitcoin bitcoin play bitcoin server
bitcoin таблица car bitcoin Groups of smart contracts are used to create dapps. Smart contracts are scripts of code which can facilitate the exchange of money, shares, content, or anything of value. Smart contracts are formed using the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Once a smart contract is running on the blockchain, it acts like a self-operating computer program. They run as programmed, without censorship, downtime or influence from a third party.